A report on Impudent and Shameless Lords by Richard Hands (aka Queen
Margaret of Anjou).
I wasn't sure how this game would work, but it seems to have gone very
well. I agreed with Nick (the designer) that the subject seems suited
to a megagame - the lords of the time certainly behaved like typical megagame
players - bending the machinery of state to their own ends, siphoning
money into their own personal funds and raising private armies to pursue
their own interests. Warwick even went so far as to turn to piracy to
supplement his income while Captain of Calais.
I certainly enjoyed myself thoroughly, and while I was worried about how
junior nobles would find things, the local game of collecting revenues,
putting down revolts, and pursuing land disputes through the courts etc
seemed to keep people occupied when they weren't angling for jobs or otherwise
playing politics. In fact, the regional games seemed to be so involving
that it was quite (realistically) difficult on occasions to make lords
see the big picture or to persuade them to leave their cosy estates and
come and get involved in the ongoing York-Lancaster struggle.
The game started in the early months of 1456, with Henry VI having relapsed
into madness after being beaten up at St Albans, and with the Duke of
York established as Lord Protector. York is at the height of his legitimate
powers. As Queen Margaret, there was thus little to be done other than
sit in on privy council meetings and heckle the Duke of York, and tour
the country trying to garner support for our cause (there seemed a lot
of fence sitting, which was unsurprising, but even the avowedly Lancastrian
lords seemed more concerned with what was going on locally than nationally).
I also made contact with the King of France (my uncle), looking for money
more than anything, and his envoy the Duc D'Alencon duly arrived in London
and funnelled about £100-200 per annum into my coffers. In good
hard cash, too - none of this trade goods nonsense. Nice one, uncle!
York made a brave stab at governing the country, and I was quite surprised
at how the council rallied round to dig into their own pockets to make
up the shortfall in revenue (which ran at about £1,000 per year).
The Bourchier brothers; Cardinal Thomas, the Chancellor, and Duke of Essex
Henry, the Treasurer, were particularly notable in this regard.
Finally of course, the King recovered his senses. York feared that once
he had stepped down as Lord Protector, I would have him and his mates
stripped of their offices and pass the jobs out to my cronies - which
I certainly intended to! So he took the decisive but dangerous step of
abducting the King and dragging him away and pretending that he was still
ill. Then he tried to move the King to York - this seemed a strategic
error to me, since it placed his Majesty closer to some of my key supporters
in the north, like the Percies and Lord Clifford. Finally, perhaps aware
this was not a viable long-term strategy, York tried to poison the king
into being unwell again!
Dropping off my three year-old son Prince Edward with Lord Percy, I got
Percy's younger brother to come back south with me and 500 of his men
to camp outside York and demand to see the King. York had a similar number
of men inside the city. The Archbishop of York stepped in at this point,
trying to broker a deal, and, together with the Sheriff of York, took
custody of the King - who gradually recovered from his arsenic poisoning
and decided he wished to see his wife. So I finally got to see the King,
persuaded him to come with me and his 'loyal supporters', and called a
Parliament.
At this point I thought Richard of York might try and get some more men
together and snatch back the King, but he seemed to decide to fight this
one legally at first. At the parliament he grudgingly stepped down as
Lord Protector, and easily saw off the Act of Attainder (which would have
stripped him of his lands and title) that I tried to have promulgated,
keeping the overwhelming backing of parliament. Now the fun would start
With myself now effectively in charge of the Royal Seal, the court moved
back to London and I began to start trying to govern. To begin with, I
was determined to push my own favourites, just as Margaret had done in
the past. However, apart from Japser Tudor, Earl of Pembroke, and the
younger Percy, none had shown much inclination to leave their estates.
So for the moment I had a council stuffed with Yorkists, including the
Bourchiers, Warwick, and York himself. Yet the Bourchiers seemed not to
worry unduly about the change of government and kept on as normal. And
since they seemed to be quite competent (and miraculously un-corrupt)
administrators I left them in place. And Warwick didn't seem to be entirely
behind York either. But before I could sort things out properly the Duke
of Buckingham turned up at the head of a large group of non-aligned lords.
They didn't seem to have a cause or a programme other than to be a Third
Force and push their own interests. Nevertheless, they seemed much better
organised than either the Yorkists or Lancastrians, and it swiftly became
clear I would have to accommodate them or see them go over to York.
The best thing to do seemed to be to try and set the two non-Lancastrian
factions against each other, so I decided to strip York of the title Constable
of England, and gave it to Buckingham instead. York scuttled away northwards,
taking the Royal Artillery with him. I gave Buckingham and his supporters
leave to pursue him and demand he hand over the title.
At this point, just as Lord Grey had been trying to warn me, Scotland
took advantage of the chaos in England and invaded. My supporters in the
north swiftly occupied themselves with dealing with this threat - mostly
to protect their own lands. Actually I would far rather that they had
been with me in London, and let Buckingham deal with the Scots, but I
realised raising a Royal army would take time, especially with York refusing
to stand down as Constable, so perhaps it was just as well they stepped
in. Nevertheless, it occupied my most valuable supporters at a time when
a Yorkist revolt seemed imminent, and I felt very vulnerable.
However, York seemed determined to prove himself as Constable, raising
his own army and marching off to deal with the Scots. Buckingham caught
up with him and demanded he surrender his title and command of the army,
waving a Royal writ. York refused. Got him! Refusing a Royal Writ is treason,
and I made it known that he was now an outlaw.
At this point, I was expecting a full-scale Yorkist revolt. But somehow
it never materialised. The Yorkists later told me that they felt York
had gone too far too quickly, and had also failed to show sufficient leadership
(but given how difficult I found it to lead a faction spread across the
entire map I can sympathise with York on that one). Perhaps they also
felt it would be too unpopular to revolt at a time when England was fighting
Scotland. In any event, they stayed quiet, York's army melted away, and
he himself boarded a ship for Burgundy. Which was just as well, since
Buckingham seemed to be taking an inordinate time over raising a Royal
army, and back in London all I had left to protect me was the Constable
of the Tower - previously another man with Yorkist leanings, but who also
seemed to have realised which side his bread was buttered on, and whom
I had increasingly come to rely on to protect the Royal Person.
The two flies in my ointment were: (a) my 'loyal supporters' had managed
to carelessly lose the Prince of Wales to York and (b) Scotland, with
Burgundian money, was trashing us. My uncle the King of France was anxious
to broker a deal between England and Scotland and so shut out the Burgundians,
and I finally decided that I could only deal with one problem at a time,
and I would have to come to terms with Scotland so that I could secure
my rule in England. In order to try and spread the blame, I put the proposed
peace treaty before the Privy Council: Scotland would gain Berwick, but
agreed to withdraw from all of the other places it had captured (Bamburgh,
Alnwick etc). Since we had no way of recapturing them until we could sort
England's finances out, it was actually a pretty good deal. In reality
it would have made Margaret very unpopular, but I was trying to play the
part of a French Queen who had no idea how emotive a subject Berwick was
and who was quite prepared to give it up to buy time.
The sad truth was, we simply couldn't afford to wage a war at that time.
The unrest in the country had decreased tax revenues, and in spite of
the Bourchiers' continual selfless digging into their pockets, we were
broke.
One of the nice things about the Royal finances, given how badly in debt
the country was (£20,000 - actually only a fraction of the real
debt in 1455 - £372,000, but I think Nick had scaled all revenues
accordingly), was that Nick had provided a list of the government's liabilities,
along with the probable consequences of not meeting each item. This allowed
a good degree of informed judgement in our financial discussions. Fortunately,
The Duke of York's treachery and the "unfortunate" death of
the Earl of Oxford allowed the Crown to write off £3,000 of its
debts, making life much easier for us, and we had been able to raise a
£1,000 loan to fight the Scots. It had become clear this would not
be anywhere near enough, so although Buckingham got about half of it,
I pocketed the rest. But I then forgot about it when time came round to
raise revenues for the upcoming year, and so we had to tax more heavily
than usual and the entire country exploded in tax revolt. Oops!
Well, this occupied all of my supporters - old and new - in putting it
down, and I seemed to sign off an inordinate number of Commissions of
Inquiry etc to reduce the level of dissent. However, by the end of that
period it did feel that we were beginning to get a grip on the realm and
things were falling into place.
But the problem of York and his faction had not gone away. He had opened
some long-distance negotiations with me, using the Archbishop of York
as an intermediary, asking for a royal pardon in return for the safe return
of the Prince of Wales. I tried to string him along and hold out some
hope, since I was sure that he would kill my son as soon he felt he had
no need for him - that would after all make him next in line to the throne.
But then the 'Yorkists' still in England came to me with a novel proposal.
They would invite York back to lead a revolt, and then betray him into
my hands, along with Prince Edward. They seemed genuinely aggrieved at
York's actions, but I still felt it could be a trap. Still - what had
I got to lose? There was bound to be a Yorkist revolt at some stage, surely?
Better one I was prepared for than one I wasn't, I reasoned.
The Earl of March, York's son (and future Edward IV), raised a force,
as did Warwick, and both marched to the coast. I had my northern lords
maintain their forces in readiness, and Pembroke shadowed March to the
coast, while Buckingham remained in the Midlands with the Royal army (although
I wasn't sure how much I could trust him either
). I gave the Constable
of the Tower more money to increase the forces in London - but I wasn't
sure if I could trust HIM - it was a nervous time for me. And I waited.
And so, York landed, and Warwick was as good as his word. He slew the
traitor and delivered up the Prince safe and sound (he later admitted
he only let the Prince live because he didn't think he could get away
with killing him - which he wouldn't have!).
And so came the parliament to dole out rewards to those who had helped
me through this difficult time. Buckingham secured an estate for Stanley,
one of his followers - I have to say that Buckingham had kept faith with
me and kept his requests reasonable, and so I was inclined to give him
whatever he wanted. I let the Earl of March inherit his father's lands
without hindrance - he and Warwick had, oddly, helped me more than anyone,
and there even seemed to be the possibility of some reconciliation. And
the rest went to a couple of nobodies (one of the awards was due to sheer
pester power by Alex Kleanthous) plus Pembroke and the younger Percy,
who had seemed the most active of my followers on my behalf (sorry to
Lancastrians who thought that decision a travesty, but that was the way
it seemed from London). And yes, the Constable of the Tower got himself
made an Earl for his loyalty, and Lord Grey became Earl Grey of Westmoreland
for his prompt and accurate intelligence work with the Scots.
The Wars of the Roses were far from over, of course. The situation at
the close of play in 1458/9 was similar to the historical position in
1460, with the new Duke of York and his crony Warwick still plotting away
and my son's accession to the throne still far from secure. But that would
be for another game
I think this was a fab game, and very accurately captured the flavour
of the politics of the era. A couple of points that people remarked on
perhaps bear further discussion. Firstly, there were very few battles.
This was basically because they were 'all or nothing' affairs, so people
were unwilling to risk it all in the uncertainty of a fight - quite realistic:
the 'Wars of the Roses' saw few full-scale battles. Secondly, no-one (other
than Scotland!) raised a sizeable army. Nick had deliberately kept money
tight and also introduced the concept of most money being in the form
of perishable goods which could not be kept from year to year, in the
hope that this would produce the typical WOTR campaign whereby a large
force was raised but only kept for a short season and then disbanded.
However, the actual effect was that people only raised small numbers of
men and kept them on all year. I think part of the problem was the slow
pace of movement and the difficulty of coordinating raising an army across
several lords and regions. Also it was difficult to know what ones opponents
were doing, and raising forces could only be done once per season, so
you rarely got people mobilising in response to other peoples' mobilisation.
Finally, it must be some kind of success that no-one ever mentioned the
word Kingmaker (oh, damn
)
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